# START COPY AND PASTE HERE: RUBY code example
# each section below can be run by itself
# SECTION 1 Comments and character formatting
# single-line comments start with the pound sign # # everything in this line is ignored. no code in this line is processed
# each line usually has one statement (or condensed statement)
# no semicolon is needed at end of a line
# for 2 ruby statements on one line ; separate them with a semi-colon like this line
# brackets { } enclose Ruby formulas, methods, series of commands or data

# Initialize a variable = name a variable and set initial value
myFirstName = "hermione" # initialize var
myLastName = "granger" # initialize var
puts myFirstName.capitalize # print var and capitalize
puts myLastName.upcase # print var and upper case
puts myLastName.length # print var length
puts # prints empty line for code readability
puts
# end section 1
# END COPY AND PASTE HERE

# START COPY AND PASTE HERE
# SECTION 2 Simple User Input
puts "USER INPUT"
# USER INPUT syntax-format: gets.chomp.nextParameter
# print same as puts except no carriage return (no new line)
print "Please enter your first name: "
userInput = gets.chomp.capitalize; # initialize user input var

print "Please enter your last name: ";
lastName = gets.chomp.capitalize # initialize user input var

puts "Your name is #{userInput} #{lastName}!"; # print to screen
puts # prints empty line for code readability
puts
# end section 2
# END COPY AND PASTE HERE

# START COPY AND PASTE HERE
# SECTION 3 Initialize hash map
# initialize a simple hash map (lookup structure) with keys and values
# hash is typically good for random data. hash does not categorize-assign items with an index number
# hash can be easily converted to array (with zero number indexing format)
# hash is created with arbitrary keys of any object type, alphabetic, number, symbol
# hash order is by either key or value, typically not input order
# ========================
# hash initialization and item entry are all condensed into one line/unit below
# initialize fruits hash using following syntax: hashName = { }
# specify hash items using colon syntax, key : value
# mango is a key, 26 is a value
fruits = { mango: 26, kiwi: 48, coconut: 9 }
# print all fruits keys and values to terminal
puts "ALL FRUITS KEYS (Names)" # prints title
puts fruits.keys # print all hash keys
puts "ALL FRUITS VALUES (Amounts)"
puts fruits.values # print all hash values

# add new item to fruits hash
# add pineapple as key and 17 as value
# syntax is hashName[:key] = value
fruits[:pineapple] = 17
puts "ALL FRUITS KEYS ADD PINEAPPLE (Names)"
puts fruits.keys
puts "ALL FRUITS VALUES ADD PINEAPPLE (Amounts)"
puts fruits.values
puts # prints empty line for code readability
puts
# end section 3
# END COPY AND PASTE HERE

# START COPY AND PASTE HERE
# SECTION 4 Initialize hash map with => syntax
# initialize hash using following syntax: hashName = { }
# initialize hash items using hash-rocket => syntax, food1 => chlorella
# food1 is a key, chlorella is a value
superfoods = {
"food1" => "chlorella", # Add items with => syntax
"food2" => "nori",
"food3" => "bee pollen",
"food4" => "sauerkraut",
"food5" => "kimchi"
}

puts "SUPERFOODS HASH food3 IS:" # print title
puts superfoods["food3"]; # print value for key food3
puts "ALL SUPERFOODS KEYS" # print title
puts superfoods.keys # print all hash keys
puts "ALL SUPERFOODS VALUES"
puts superfoods.values # print all hash values
puts # prints empty line for code readability
puts
# end section 4
# END COPY AND PASTE HERE